- Symptoms
In type 2 diabetes, the cells of the fat, liver and muscles fail to respond to the presence of insulin. This means that even in the presence of insulin, glucose cannot enter cells. It results in an increased level of sugar in the blood. In other words, this condition, known as insulin resistance, triggers a spike in your blood sugar level.
Blood sugar levels are regulated by a hormone called insulin that is synthesised by beta cells of the pancreas. The main function of the hormone is to bind to receptors on the fat, liver and muscle cells so as to allow the entry of glucose molecules inside them. Inside the cells, glucose is stored and then utilised as an energy source whenever needed.
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Symptoms
“Type 1 diabetes is a condition common in children and young people. It is also known as juvenile diabetes,” says Mumbai-based diabetologist Dr. Pradeep Gadge. It occurs when your immune cells destroy the beta cells of your pancreas, responsible for the secretion of insulin hormone. It is required to convert glucose onto energy. “When your body doesn’t have enough of this hormone, glucose doesn’t turn into energy. This increases the level of glucose or sugar in the blood and urine,” explains Dr. Gadge.
What Causes Type 1 Diabetes?
“The exact cause of type 1 diabetes is still unknown. There is no defined set of population to be considered at risk. However, research indicates that people who have a pool of autoantibodies in their body are at a higher risk of developing it,” says Dr Gadge. Research also suggests that genetic and environmental factors may play an instrumental role in the inception of type 1 diabetes.
Type 1 Diabetes Risks
A lot is yet to be found out about type 1 diabetes. The factors that can make one vulnerable to this condition are also poorly understood. However, experts have identified some high-risk groups:
- Children who have both the parents suffering from diabetes
- Kids who have mothers with a history of gestational diabetes (diabetes during pregnancy)
- Kids who have suffered an infection, injury or trauma of the pancreas
- People living in cold climates