Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are one of the most common bacterial infections in children. While adults may quickly recognize the classic symptoms, UTIs in kids—especially newborns and toddlers—can be subtle and easily overlooked. But early detection is vital to avoid serious complications like kidney damage.
We spoke to Dr. G Ravindra Varma, Senior Consultant – Urologist & Paediatric Urologist, and Managing Director at the Asian Institute of Nephrology and Urology, Vizag, to understand the signs, causes, and treatment of UTIs in children of all ages.
🚼 UTIs in Newborns and Infants: Silent but Serious
“In newborns and babies, UTIs rarely present with classic symptoms,” says Dr. Varma. Instead, look out for:
Unexplained fever
Irritability or constant crying
Poor feeding
Foul-smelling or cloudy urine
Failure to gain weight
Jaundice (in some cases)
Because these signs are nonspecific, UTIs may go undiagnosed—posing a risk for kidney damage if untreated.
🚸 UTIs in Toddlers and Preschoolers: Subtle Clues
Young children may not be able to clearly describe their symptoms. Still, some warning signs include:
Frequent urination
Burning or pain while peeing
Abdominal discomfort
Bedwetting (especially if previously dry)
Urgent or sudden need to pee
Change in urine smell or color
🧒 School-Age Children: Clearer Symptoms, Higher Awareness
In older children, UTI symptoms begin to resemble those seen in adults:
Painful urination
Frequent urination
Lower abdominal pain
Fever
Cloudy or strong-smelling urine
Dr. Varma notes that girls with their first UTI after infancy or boys with recurrent infections should be evaluated for structural or functional urinary issues.
🦠 What Causes UTIs in Kids?
UTIs occur when bacteria (often from the perineal area) enter the urinary tract. Contributing factors include:
Poor toilet hygiene
Constipation
Structural issues like Vesicoureteric Reflux (VUR)
Developmental delays affecting bladder control
“If left untreated or recurring frequently, UTIs can lead to renal scarring, kidney damage, or even high blood pressure later in life,” warns Dr. Varma.
A 2019 study found that 6–8% of febrile children may have a UTI. Over 30% of children diagnosed with a UTI may face recurrence, especially if underlying issues like VUR or bowel-bladder dysfunction are present.
🧪 How Are UTIs Diagnosed in Children?
Early diagnosis is key. Here’s how UTIs are typically identified:
Urine analysis and culture confirm the infection.
In recurrent or complicated cases, imaging like ultrasound or MCU (Micturating Cystourethrogram) may be recommended to detect underlying problems.
💊 Treatment and Prevention
“Prompt antibiotic treatment and proper hydration usually resolve UTIs quickly,” Dr. Varma assures. But prevention is just as important:
Teach proper toilet hygiene
Ensure regular fluid intake
Manage constipation to prevent urinary stagnation
Monitor closely for signs of recurrence
🧠 Final Word
UTIs in kids may not always be easy to spot—but parental awareness can make all the difference. If your child shows any signs of discomfort, unusual urine patterns, or unexplained fever, don’t ignore it.
Early detection and treatment protect not just the urinary tract, but also your child’s long-term kidney health.
Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult a healthcare provider for any concerns regarding your child’s health.